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1月31日 Types of Ball Valvesball valve A ball valve is a stop valve that is designed mostly for on/off service. It is essentially a plug valve with a round hole and a sphere-shaped plug. A ball valve contains a ball with a small hole in the middle that helps to control the flow of materials through the pipe. An actuator, which can be either electric or a manually operated handle, rotates the ball 90%. When the hole of the ball is facing away from the pipe opening, flow is restricted. When it is aligned with the opening, flow is restored. The position of the handle immediately indicates whether the valve is closed or open. Along with being easy to monitor, ball valves are also simple to clean and repair; as the ball rotates, the seat performs a self-wiping action that prevents any buildup. Hydraulics Pneumatics
Ball valve suppliers offer their products with two primary design options. These are the floating ball design, a less costly option for lower duties, and a trunnion ball option, which is used for higher duties and, therefore, more costly. Ball valve suppliers also provide several body styles, including one-piece, two-piece, three-piece, even four- and five-piece and flanged body construction. The type of application determines which ball valve is the most appropriate. Sizes of ball valves range from very small up to 42 inches and up to 7,500 psi in pressure ratings. Although they are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, some common materials are stainless steel, plastic, bronze, copper, cast iron, ductile iron, metal alloys and brass. Metal valves are recommended for gases and high temperature fluids; use plastic valves for liquid applications only.
Bore, or port, sizes differ as well. In a full bore valve, the diameter of the hole in the ball is the same size as the hole in the pipe. Looking down a piece of pipe, in other words, there would not appear to be any constriction at the location of the valve. If the diameter of the hole through the ball is less than that of the pipe, it is referred to as a reduced or standard bore/port. Some valves gradually narrow, while the reduction in others is basically a shoulder. Many times the diameter tapers to the next standard size. There is very little pressure loss difference between the full bore and reduced bore valve. Bath
Advances in ball valve design and materials have significantly increased their popularity. Ball valves can be used for isolation of systems, regulation of some types of low flow (e.g. throttling the flow of air at differential pressures up to 1,000 psi) and backflow prevention, but only with a swing check component. They can handle high pressure and a large volume of fluids, gases and suspended solids (slurries). New valve designs have enabled ball valves to be used in high-vacuum situations. This possibility was not previously considered, due to the inherent tendencies of these valves to leak and trap gas. Ball valve suppliers will also be able to offer aluminum construction in the near future.
Types of Ball Valves
Ball Valves are quarter turn, straight through hydraulic valves that have a round end with matching rounded seats to permit uniform sealing pressure. Ball valves are used in situations when tight shut-off is necessary.
Cartridge valves are completely bodiless and can be removed and replaced easily without dismantling.
Check valves are hydraulic valves which allow flow in only one direction. Any backflow forces the valve to shut.
Directional control valves control the direction of the hydraulic fluid to the point where it is needed. Directional control valves are useful for hydraulic tools and farm equipment that use hydraulics.
Float valves are valves that automatically open or close as the liquid level changes. Float valves are operated mechanically by a float that rests on top of the liquid.
Gate valves are linear motion valves in which a flat closure element slides into the flow stream to provide shut-off. Gate valves are designed to minimize pressure drop in fully open positions.
Globe valves are multi-turn valves that have a closing element that moves perpendicular to the valve body seat and generally seals in a plane parallel to the direction of flow. This type of valve is suited both for throttling and general flow control.
Relief valves are made to release pressure. When safe pressure levels are exceeded, the valve opens and then closes when levels are back to safe presets.
Solenoid valves are made from wire coil and a movable plunger that is set against the coil. Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices that use solenoid to control the valve’s actuation.
Types of Die CastingsDie castings Die casting is a metal forming process in which molten metal is put under pressure and injected into a die. The molten metal enters the die cavity through sprue holes in the fixed die half. The melt is directed to the cavity by runners (passageways) and gates (inlets) in the ejector half. Locking pins on the die secure the two halves together. The metal, kept just above its melting temperature, quickly solidifies into the shape of the Die casting. Ejector pins remove the die cast part.
Die castings are made from alloy tool steels. They have at least two sections to permit the removal of castings, the fixed die, or cover, half and the ejector die half. Some dies also have parts, such as removable slides and cores, to produce holes, threads and other desired shapes in the casting. Openings in the die allow the addition of coolant and lubricant. Dies are either air- or water-cooled. The cooling of the die provides for quick cycling and is one of the factors in the high rate of production. It also gives a fine grain structure and superior strength and finish to the metal castings. The molds used by die casting manufacturers will perform up to 5 million shots in its lifetime.
The services provided by die casting manufacturers have many advantages over other processes. Die casting is efficient and economical, offering a wide range of durable shapes and components. Little or no machining is required after die castings are made because the process provides very close tolerances for even complex part shapes. Metal castings can be easily plated or finished. Die castings are dimensionally stable and heat resistant. These lightweight parts, even while having thin walls, retain the strength of an alloy because they do not consist of separate parts welded together.
Die casting manufacturers utilize a number of materials, including Zinc , Aluminum, Magnesium, Copper, lead and tin. Zinc is the easiest alloy to cast, has a low melting point and is economical and easily palatable. Zinc also has high impact strength, offers high ductability and promotes long die life. Aluminum alloys possess high dimensional stability for complex shapes and thin walls. Aluminum die casts are of a lightweight alloy that has good corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, high thermal and electrical conductivity and strength at high temperatures. Along with being the easiest alloy to machine, magnesium is also the lightest typically die cast. Magnesium die casting also has excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Copper is one of the hardest alloys and offers the highest mechanical properties of any other alloy that is cast. A dimensionally stable alloy, copper has high corrosion and wear resistance and strength approaching that of steel parts. Lead and tin are used for special forms of corrosion resistance. Although they have high density, parts with extremely close dimensions are able to be formed from lead castings and tin castings.
Types of Die Castings
Aluminum Casting are die castings made from aluminum materials.
Aluminum die castings are commonly used in the production of hardware and tools because of the great resistance of aluminum castings to corrosion and high temperatures, as well as their conductivity. In addition, aluminum castings are used in applications requiring the production of intricate part features and components. Auto Parts
Automotive castings, which include engine blocks, cylinder heads, brake calipers and discs and suspension components, are increasingly being manufactured out of lightweight material, such as aluminum, to economize fuel consumption by decreasing the overall weight of the vehicle.
Brass Casting are used in the architectural and construction industries and in decorative applications, such as doorknobs.
Bronze Casting are used in applications requiring high strength, making them ideal for use in the architectural and construction industries.
Copper Casting are used in applications requiring exceptional strength and resistance to corrosion. Copper castings consist of brass and bronze castings.
Die casters shape metal by putting pressure on molten metal in a die.
Gravity die castings are produced by pouring molten aluminum into a metallic tool at a casting temperature of 750¼. Gravity die castings have good tolerances and surface finishing.
High pressure die castings have very thin walls. The metal enters the die cavity at high speeds and under great pressure, which increases the chance of porosity.
Lead die castings offer great corrosion resistance and are used in the production of parts in the plumbing industry. Lead castings, particularly tin castings, also provide close production tolerances but are generally not as strong as other diecast metals.
Low pressure die castings are formed when metal from an airtight furnace is transferred into a metallic tool through a rising tube. Low pressure die casting is suitable for relatively small lot sizes and for applications in which heat treatment is needed to improve the mechanical properties.
Magnesium die castings are particularly useful in applications where weight is a factor. Magnesium die castings are very lightweight and cost-effective, especially in comparison to other diecast metals. Furniture, Tools, Appliances, Lights
Metal castings are metal impressions made with molds.
Zinc die castings are often used in the production of small parts for the electronics and automotive industries. Zinc castings lend themselves well to secondary operations such as painting and plating. Die Casting | Sand Casting | Investment Casting | Shell Mold Casting | Iron Casting | Lost Wax Casting | Precision Casting | Blow Molding | Centrifugal Casting | Continuous Casting | Extrusion Casting | Injection Molding | Insertion Molding | Lost Foam | No Bake | Permanent Mold | Plaster Mold | Structural Foam | Thixomolding | Aluminum Casting | Beryllium Casting | Brass Casting | Bronze Casting | Carbon Casting | Cobalt Casting | Composite Casting | Copper Casting | Ductile Iron Casting | Grey Iron Casting | Iron Casting | Iron Alloys Casting | Magnesium Casting | Malleable Casting | Manganese Casting | Nickel Casting | Plastic Casting | Rubber Casting | Special Casting | Stainless Casting | Steel Casting | Titanium Casting | White Iron Casting | Zinc Casting |
Types of Magnet Assemblies· Magnets are metallic composites, usually ferrous metal composites, which produce a “magnetic field”; the magnetic field causes other magnetic objects to be attracted to the magnet while other magnets are either attracted or repelled. There are many different types of magnets all with different magnetic strength, properties of heat and corrosion tolerance and permanence. Magnets can largely be broken up into two categories: non-permanent and Permanent; non-permanent magnets are electromagnets which require an external source of power and are triggered electrically to be magnetic. Electromagnets have many industrial applications such as solenoid valves, AC and DC motors, biomagnetic separation, transformers and so on. Permanent Magnets include ceramic magnets (also known as Ferrite Magnets), Alnico Magnets and rare earth magnets. Ceramic Magnet have lower magnetic power and are more brittle and easily breakable than some other magnets, but they are much more cost-effective and are used in non-structural applications in motors, Magnetic Chucks and Magnetic Tools. Rare earth magnets are less cost-effective to manufacture but are far more powerful and retain their magnetism better than ferrite magnets; they are used as industrial magnets for holding and lifting, motors, speakers and sensors, testing and MRI’s. Sheet magnets are a flexible ferrite-plastic composite which is extruded into magnetic sheets and used in automotive and consumer industries. Hardware, Moulds
Types of Magnet Assemblies
Alnico Magnets assemblies maintain a heat tolerance higher than that of other magnetic assemblies, withstanding exposure to temperatures measuring up to 850°F.
Bipolar assemblies are advantageous during part transference, welding alignments and part holding applications. Bipolar magnetic assemblies maintain high heat resistance and wide magnetic reach.
Ceramic assemblies maintain resistance to demagnetization, can withstand exposure to electrical fields and vibration and are economical. Their demagnetization resistance is beneficial in the welding and construction industries, as well as other environments subject to vibration and electricity, but they do have low heat resistance.
Ceramic magnets made of strontium carbonate and iron oxide.
Electromagnetic assemblies require an electric current for the production of a magnetic field.
Industrial magnets are heavy-duty magnets used for industrial applications.
Magnet manufacturers produce magnets in various sizes and strengths.
Neodymium Magnets are composed of a combination of neodymium, iron, and boron.
Permanent Magnets assemblies retain magnetism without a magnetic field. Permanent magnets do not generate electricity or heat.
Rare earth assemblies maintain the highest holding ability of all magnetic assemblies in a compact design but generally possess low heat resistance. Rare earth magnets consist of neodymium magnets and samarium cobalt magnets, referred to as rare earth magnets because of their location in the periodic table. NdFeB Magnets, SmCo Magnets
Rare earth magnets are composed of elements found in the "Rare Earth" part of the Periodic Table.
Sheet magnets are large, flat magnets that can cover a large area. Types of Ball Valvesball valve A ball valve is a stop valve that is designed mostly for on/off service. It is essentially a plug valve with a round hole and a sphere-shaped plug. A ball valve contains a ball with a small hole in the middle that helps to control the flow of materials through the pipe. An actuator, which can be either electric or a manually operated handle, rotates the ball 90%. When the hole of the ball is facing away from the pipe opening, flow is restricted. When it is aligned with the opening, flow is restored. The position of the handle immediately indicates whether the valve is closed or open. Along with being easy to monitor, ball valves are also simple to clean and repair; as the ball rotates, the seat performs a self-wiping action that prevents any buildup. Hydraulics Pneumatics
Ball valve suppliers offer their products with two primary design options. These are the floating ball design, a less costly option for lower duties, and a trunnion ball option, which is used for higher duties and, therefore, more costly. Ball valve suppliers also provide several body styles, including one-piece, two-piece, three-piece, even four- and five-piece and flanged body construction. The type of application determines which ball valve is the most appropriate. Sizes of ball valves range from very small up to 42 inches and up to 7,500 psi in pressure ratings. Although they are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, some common materials are stainless steel, plastic, bronze, copper, cast iron, ductile iron, metal alloys and brass. Metal valves are recommended for gases and high temperature fluids; use plastic valves for liquid applications only.
Bore, or port, sizes differ as well. In a full bore valve, the diameter of the hole in the ball is the same size as the hole in the pipe. Looking down a piece of pipe, in other words, there would not appear to be any constriction at the location of the valve. If the diameter of the hole through the ball is less than that of the pipe, it is referred to as a reduced or standard bore/port. Some valves gradually narrow, while the reduction in others is basically a shoulder. Many times the diameter tapers to the next standard size. There is very little pressure loss difference between the full bore and reduced bore valve. Bath
Advances in ball valve design and materials have significantly increased their popularity. Ball valves can be used for isolation of systems, regulation of some types of low flow (e.g. throttling the flow of air at differential pressures up to 1,000 psi) and backflow prevention, but only with a swing check component. They can handle high pressure and a large volume of fluids, gases and suspended solids (slurries). New valve designs have enabled ball valves to be used in high-vacuum situations. This possibility was not previously considered, due to the inherent tendencies of these valves to leak and trap gas. Ball valve suppliers will also be able to offer aluminum construction in the near future.
Types of Ball Valves
Ball Valves are quarter turn, straight through hydraulic valves that have a round end with matching rounded seats to permit uniform sealing pressure. Ball valves are used in situations when tight shut-off is necessary.
Cartridge valves are completely bodiless and can be removed and replaced easily without dismantling.
Check valves are hydraulic valves which allow flow in only one direction. Any backflow forces the valve to shut.
Directional control valves control the direction of the hydraulic fluid to the point where it is needed. Directional control valves are useful for hydraulic tools and farm equipment that use hydraulics.
Float valves are valves that automatically open or close as the liquid level changes. Float valves are operated mechanically by a float that rests on top of the liquid.
Gate valves are linear motion valves in which a flat closure element slides into the flow stream to provide shut-off. Gate valves are designed to minimize pressure drop in fully open positions.
Globe valves are multi-turn valves that have a closing element that moves perpendicular to the valve body seat and generally seals in a plane parallel to the direction of flow. This type of valve is suited both for throttling and general flow control.
Relief valves are made to release pressure. When safe pressure levels are exceeded, the valve opens and then closes when levels are back to safe presets.
Solenoid valves are made from wire coil and a movable plunger that is set against the coil. Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices that use solenoid to control the valve’s actuation.
1月30日 Types of Bearings
Bearings are relatively small components placed between moving parts to reduce friction with movement. They can be made of many different materials and can be of various sizes and designs. Bearings are used in various applications; they can be found in engines, assembly lines, fans, hand tools, and roller-skates.
There are two classifications for bearings: linear and rotary. These classifications are based on the motions for which they are designed. A linear bearing moves in a straight line and is used for pushing and pulling motions, like a drawer opening and shutting. A rotary bearing is designed for radial motion, like that of a wheel spinning. Rotary bearings are also commonly referred to as thrust bearings.
Bearings are usually small enough to hold in the palm of a hand, but they can be as large as ten feet in diameter. Bearings this large are used in places like hydroelectric power plants. Ball bearings have been used for many years, and their low cost ensures that they will continue to be used in the future.
Types of Bearings Angular Contact Ball Bearings are a type of radial bearing that are designed so that the contact angle between the races and the balls is created when the bearing is in use.
Automotive Bearings describe many types of bearings used for automotive purposes. ABEC Bearings are also sometimes called Precision Bearings; these bearings are rated on a scale from 1 to 9 based on precision standards.
Bearings are components that are used in between moving parts.
Ceramic Bearings are made of steel rings and ceramic balls (instead of steel).
Counter bored ball bearings have one race shoulder turned and ground away to facilitate an assembly with a greater number of balls. Can also be a non-separable Ball Bearings with one side of the raceway removed from either or both rings to assist manufacturing assembly; normally the outer ring is counterbored.
Deep Groove Ball Bearings are a type of radial bearing that have a cage assembly, which separates the balls and is used for radial and axial loads.
Linear Montion Bearings move objects that need only be moved in one direction and possibly back to an original position. (Linear Bearings)
Maximum capacity bearings allow for more balls to be loaded into the bearing using the filling notches.
Miniature Ball Bearings are a smaller bearing, typically under 10mm bores. A single row style of bearing capable of handling smaller torque loads.
Precision Bearings are composed of materials that are subjected to severe stress reversals.
Axial and Radial Ball Bearings move in both directions and can handle large loads. The most widely used and recognizable ball bearing.
Roller Bearings can handle higher load capacities than standard ball bearings. These consist of cylindrical rollers as the motion component of the bearing..
Self-aligning Ball Bearings consist of two rows of balls and a spherical raceway in the outer ring. These bearings are known for limited problems with misalignment.
Skate bearings are used for inline skates and skateboards. These utilize balls as the motion component for the bearing.
Steel ball bearings are made of steel materials.
Thrust Bearings are designed to handle just thrust and minimum amounts of it, such as in the case of a Lazy Susan or Barstool. |
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